Pokémon refers both to the franchise itself and the creatures within its fictional universe. When the franchise began to be released internationally, the short form of the title was used, with an acute accent (´) for pronunciation. The contracted term Pokémon derives from a syllabic abbreviation of the franchise's full name, Pocket Monsters ( ポケット モンスター, Poketto Monsutā). Since 2009, The Pokémon Company International (TPCi) subsidiary of TPC has managed the franchise in all regions outside of Asia. The Pokémon anime series and films are co-owned by Shogakukan. The three companies established The Pokémon Company (TPC) in 1998 to manage the Pokémon property within Asia. Game Freak develops the core series role-playing games, which are published by Nintendo exclusively for their consoles, while Creatures manages the trading card game and related merchandise, occasionally developing spin-off titles. While most IPs are owned by a single company, Pokémon is jointly owned by three: Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures. Pokémon has an uncommon ownership structure. Pokémon has since been estimated to be the world's highest-grossing media franchise and one of the best-selling video game franchises. In the summer of 2016, the franchise spawned a second craze with the release of Pokémon Go, an augmented reality game developed by Niantic. By 2002, the craze had ended, after which the brand became a fixture in popular culture, with new products being released to this day. From 1998 to 2000, Pokémon was exported to the rest of the world, creating an unprecedented global phenomenon dubbed "Pokémania". Released on the Game Boy on February 27, 1996, the games became sleeper hits and were followed by manga series, a trading card game, and anime series and films. The franchise originated as a pair of role-playing games developed by Game Freak, following an original concept by its founder, Satoshi Tajiri. The franchise's target audience is children aged 5 to 12, but is known to attract people all ages. The franchise takes place in a shared universe in which humans co-exist with creatures known as Pokémon, a large variety of species endowed with special powers. Pokémon is a Japanese media franchise consisting of video games, animated series and films, a trading card game, and other related media. Pocket Monsters Red and Pocket Monsters Green (1996)
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